Which glands regulate growth, development, and the functioning of other endocrine glands?

The pituitary glands are often referred to as the "master glands" of the endocrine system due to their crucial role in regulating growth, development, and the function of other endocrine glands. This small gland located at the base of the brain produces a variety of hormones that control numerous bodily functions, including growth hormone, which directly influences growth and development in children and adolescents, as well as hormones that regulate other glands such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and reproductive hormones.

The pituitary gland achieves this through its secretion of hormones that signal other glands to produce their own hormones. For example, it releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which prompts the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones necessary for metabolism. Additionally, it produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands. This central regulatory role is what sets the pituitary apart from the other glands mentioned, which have more specific functions within the body and are regulated by hormones released from the pituitary.