What occurs when an atom is stable?

A stable atom is one where the forces acting within it, primarily the forces between protons, neutrons, and electrons, are balanced, leading to an equilibrium state. In this state, the number of protons equals the number of electrons, rendering the atom neutral and not electrically charged. This balance contributes to the stability of the atom, as it does not tend to gain or lose electrons and does not undergo significant changes in its structure.

While stability can lead to attraction between atoms, especially in covalent or ionic bonding scenarios, the term "equilibrium" more accurately encompasses the inherent balance of forces within a stable atom. Additionally, in a stable atom, there is no drive toward radioactive decay, which occurs in unstable isotopes. Thus, equilibrium best describes the condition of a stable atom.