What is the lowest layer of the epidermis called?

The lowest layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum germinativum, also referred to as the basal layer. This layer is critical because it is where new skin cells are generated through a process known as keratinization. The stratum germinativum consists primarily of a single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells, known as keratinocytes, which are responsible for the production of keratin. This protective protein accumulates as the cells move up through the layers of the epidermis, ultimately forming the outermost protective barrier of skin.

Additionally, the stratum germinativum contains melanocytes, which produce melanin affecting skin pigmentation, and Merkel cells, which are involved in sensory perception. This layer plays a vital role not only in the formation of the epidermis but also in maintaining its overall health and integrity, serving as the foundation for the layers above it.