What is the function of Langerhans cells in the skin?

Langerhans cells play a crucial role in the immune response as part of the skin's defense mechanism. These specialized dendritic cells are located primarily in the epidermis, where they act as antigen-presenting cells. When pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, penetrate the skin, Langerhans cells capture and process these antigens. They then migrate to the nearest lymph nodes, where they present the antigens to T-cells, initiating the adaptive immune response. This ability to recognize and respond to foreign invaders is essential for protecting the body against infections and maintaining overall skin health.

In contrast, water retention in the skin is primarily managed by keratinocytes and the stratum corneum, while melanin production is the function of melanocytes, which are separate skin cells responsible for pigmentation. Oil production, on the other hand, is regulated by sebaceous glands, which secrete sebum to lubricate the skin. Thus, the primary function of Langerhans cells as a protective mechanism against pathogens distinctly aligns with the correct answer.